Benefits of NanoCrystal Technology® Pulmonary Delivery

• More precise delivery to target site (upper versus lower lung):
  • Site of delivery driven by aerosol particle size (smaller particles get deposited lower in the bronchial tree, medium higher up, larger particles get swallowed)
  • NanoCrystal® formulation allows aerosol particle size to be driven by liquid droplet or dry powder particle size—easy to manipulate— and not drug crystal size which tends to be hard to manipulate
  • NanoCrystal® delivery efficiency double that of regular formulation          
• Increased coverage of physiological surface area at site:
  • NanoCrystal® particles cover a large surface area with drug in contrast to conventional suspension that have islands of concentrated drug          
• Faster aerosolization time for liquids and suitability for use with ultrasonic nebulizers:
  • Time to aerosolize a therapeutic dose reduced from 10 - 15 minutes to 2 seconds
  • NanoCrystal® form can take advantage of an ultrasonic nebulizer, whereas conventional suspension would take too long to nebulize          
• NanoCrystal® formulations do not require preservatives:
  • Particles can be made less than 100nm and therefore can be filtered through a .22um filter          

To achieve optimal drug delivery to the lung, it is important to ensure that the drug is incorporated into particles of the appropriate aerodynamic size, shape and density. NanoCrystal® Technology affords the opportunity to preferentially deliver drugs to the upper respiratory pathways, for the treatment of such diseases as asthma, or delivery to the deep lung for greater systematic availability or local effect in the deep lung. Delivery to the upper airways requires an aerodynamic particle size of 3µm to 5µm in diameter; in contrast, for distribution to the deep lung, particles must be less than 3µm in diameter.

NanoCrystal® Technology facilitates:

• Higher reproducible production of particles with optimal aerodynamic properties for pulmonary delivery
• NanoFormulation™ preparations for inhalation in either liquid droplets or powders
• Use of a wide range of drug molecules
• Potential to enhance efficacy through greater coverage of target tissues
• Faster nebulization times
• Suitable for use with ultrasonic and compressed air nebulizers
  

Therapeutic quantities of drug can be quickly administered by ultrasonic nebulizers…

Micrograms of Drug Delivered per 2 Second Actuation

….with a much higher portion of the emitted dose being deposited in the lung.

Percentage of Emitted Dosage